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vs 2024:Overall -2Safety -4Reliability -1Efficiency & Range +3Cost of Ownership -10Technology +1Driving Experience -5
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Compact SUV

2025 VinFast VF 8

PremiumEV
Manufacturer site ↗
2026 model shown
1.01DGPA / 4.0
Overall GPA
Reliability
0.00F
Safety
1.38D
EfficiencyEV
2.24C
73 MPGe combined · 256 mi range · $1,050/yr energy
Comfort
0.46F
Value
1.30D
Ownership Cost
1.35D
Technology
2.83B-
Driving Experience
1.24D

The verdict

A struggling compact suv, strong on technology and held back by reliability.

The 2025 VinFast VF 8 hands you a lot of hardware for the money — standard dual-motor AWD, 349 hp, a 15.6-inch screen, a head-up display, a 360-degree camera and a full driver-assist suite at a $47,200 sticker, backed by a 10-year/125,000-mile warranty almost nobody else offers. Everything around that equipment list is the problem: 256 miles of range from a thirsty 73 MPGe, a 13.3-cu-ft cargo hold that a compact sedan beats, a bouncy ride, numb steering, a two-star NHTSA overall rating and two recalls including one covering every VF 8 built for a lane-keeping system that fought its drivers. Resale is the quiet killer — a projected 30% retention means roughly $33,000 of depreciation over five years. Buy it only if the discounts are enormous, you charge at home, and you understand you are underwriting a brand-new brand's learning curve.

Jump to scores

Strengths

  • A warranty no mainstream rival comes close to
  • Loaded from the base trim up
  • Big-screen tech with the connected features to match

What holds it back

  • Depreciation that erases the discount and then some
  • A two-star crash rating and a fleet-wide steering recall
  • Cargo space a compact sedan would embarrass

Top alternatives

Cars shoppers cross-shop with the VinFast VF 8

Production history

2023present · 4 years · 1 generations
Gen 12023now2023In production2026 — graded2025 — graded2024 — graded2023 — gradedProduction began 2023

How it's evolved

4 scored model years · 20232026

025507510020232024202520262023 · Overall: 472024 · Overall: 472025 · Overall: 45 (−2 vs 2024)2026 · Overall: 46 (+1 vs 2025)

Subject scores by year

Hover or tap a score to see what moved it versus the year before. A corner mark flags a big swing.

YearPerformanceEfficiencySafetySpaceCostReliabilityTechUse-caseDrivingValue
2026
2025
2024
2023

Compare two years

vs
Performance54
45-9
Efficiency62
59-3
Safety64
640
Space36
40+4
Cost61
34-26
Reliability24
27+4
Tech72
58-14
Use-case44
50+6
Driving40
49+9
Value45
44-1

Best fit & conditions

Winter / inclementC+64/100
CommuterC59/100
FamilyD54/100
AdventureD51/100
Work / TowF32/100

Higher scores mean a better fit for that use case. Learn more about use-case fit →

Detailed scoring by subject

1Performance & PowertrainOne of the VF 8's strongest categories.1.47D
Horsepower
349 hp (Eco); 402 hp (Plus)
50/100
#16 of 60 in classCompare all →

The volume Eco trim uses two motors and produces 349 hp; the Plus retains the same dual-motor layout but raises output to 402 hp. The 2025 model remains in the first generation and carries over this powertrain lineup without a documented refresh.

Torque
369 lb-ft (Eco); 457 lb-ft (Plus)
65/100
#17 of 60 in classCompare all →

Eco's dual-motor system supplies a strong 369 lb-ft, while Plus increases peak torque to 457 lb-ft.

0–60 mph time
5.9 s estimated (Eco); 5.5 s (Plus)
60/100
#13 of 60 in classCompare all →

VinFast's targeted estimate for the Eco is 5.9 seconds to 60 mph, quick for a mainstream compact electric SUV though not class-leading among dual-motor EVs.

Powertrain refinement42
#59 of 60 in classCompare all →

The motors are quiet and sufficiently strong, but road tests report initial accelerator hesitation followed by an unexpectedly abrupt surge, making power difficult to meter smoothly. That is a notable calibration defect for an EV and places it in the low band despite solid output.

Transmission behavior72
#25 of 60 in classCompare all →

The single-speed direct drive has no shifts or gear hunting, but the overall driveline experience is less seamless than the hardware suggests because accelerator response is poorly mapped and strong regenerative braking resets as the default at each start.

Max towing capacity
3,968 lbs braked trailer (properly equipped)
42/100
#30 of 60 in classCompare all →

A nearly 4,000-lb maximum is useful for a compact EV SUV and exceeds the common 3,500-lb rating, though it remains well short of tow-focused SUVs.

AWD/4WD availability78
#35 of 60 in classCompare all →

Dual-motor AWD is standard on both Eco and Plus, giving every buyer four-wheel traction. Its Eco, Normal, and Sport modes alter response, but it lacks low range, locking differentials, or advanced terrain programming.

Off-road capability32
#42 of 60 in classCompare all →

Standard AWD helps on snow or a maintained dirt road, but approximately 6.9 inches of clearance and the absence of skid plates, lockers, low range, or an off-road trim make this a pavement-oriented crossover.

Powertrain lineup breadth28
#42 of 60 in classCompare all →

The VF 8 is EV-only and every US trim uses the same 87.7-kWh battery and dual-motor AWD architecture. Eco and Plus provide two output calibrations, but there is no single-motor, alternate-battery, gas, hybrid, or PHEV choice.

2Efficiency & RangeOne of the VF 8's strongest categories.2.24C
Combined fuel economy
73 MPGe combined (Eco); 76 MPGe (Plus)
100/100
#1 of 60 in classCompare all →

The volume Eco is unusually energy-hungry for an EV SUV at 46 kWh/100 miles. Its longer range than Plus comes despite, rather than because of, its combined MPGe result.

City fuel economy
77 MPGe city (Eco); 73 MPGe (Plus)
100/100
#1 of 60 in classCompare all →

Eco's 77 MPGe city rating is low against the EV SUV class even with regenerative braking.

Highway fuel economy
69 MPGe highway (Eco); 80 MPGe (Plus)
100/100
#1 of 60 in classCompare all →

The Eco's 69 MPGe highway figure is also inefficient for an electric compact SUV and is notably lower than the Plus rating in EPA data.

Driving range
256 mi EPA (Eco); 235 mi EPA (Plus)
0/100
#56 of 60 in classCompare all →

The Eco's official 256-mile range is adequate for routine use but trails the roughly 300-mile benchmark now common among similarly priced EV SUVs.

DC fast-charge peak rate
150 kW peak DC
32/100
#5 of 9 in classCompare all →

A 150-kW peak is serviceable but well below the 200–350-kW peaks offered by leading contemporary EVs. VinFast's US consumer page publishes the charge window rather than the peak, so the specification is corroborated through the manufacturer's claimed-spec table and charging references.

10–80% fast-charge time
About 31 min 10–80% claimed; current VinFast spec table labels the same 31-min figure as 10–70%
50/100
#5 of 9 in classCompare all →

VinFast's current US specification sheet explicitly quotes 31 minutes only to 70%, an unusual endpoint, while contemporary review material attributes about 31 minutes to 80% to VinFast. The requested 10–80% value is retained at 31 minutes with medium confidence and the discrepancy made explicit.

Estimated annual fuel cost
$1,050/yr (EPA, Eco)
100/100
#1 of 60 in classCompare all →

EPA's standard 15,000-mile estimate is inexpensive versus gasoline SUVs, although it is relatively costly within the EV class because the Eco consumes 46 kWh/100 miles.

Fuel requirements78
#35 of 60 in classCompare all →

It uses electricity only, avoiding premium gasoline, and its 11-kW onboard charger supports practical overnight home charging. Poor energy efficiency, a middling 150-kW DC peak, and the ambiguous 31-minute fast-charge claim keep it below the top band for charging practicality.

3SafetyGrades below the middle of the scale.1.38D
NHTSA overall rating
2 stars overall (latest tested year of this generation: 2024)
0/100
#59 of 60 in classCompare all →

NHTSA has not published a separate 2025 result, so the rubric's latest-tested-year rule applies the 2024 VF 8 AWD result from the same first generation. Its 2-star Overall Vehicle Score is exceptionally poor for a modern SUV.

IIHS awards & crashworthiness35
#57 of 60 in classCompare all →

The VF 8 has no IIHS rating or Top Safety Pick award. Euro NCAP's same-generation test provides some reassurance but found marginal chest protection, ineffective knee-airbag deployment and trapped side-curtain airbags, preventing an average untested score.

Standard ADAS suite breadth90
#9 of 60 in classCompare all →

The volume Eco trim includes all five core systems as standard: AEB, adaptive cruise, lane keeping/centering, blind-spot monitoring and rear cross-traffic alert. Traffic-jam assist, driver monitoring, traffic-sign recognition and a surround-view camera further broaden the suite.

Automatic emergency braking performance68
#34 of 60 in classCompare all →

No IIHS front-crash-prevention result exists. Euro NCAP found pedestrian, reversing-pedestrian, cyclist and motorcyclist response strong, but rated reaction to other vehicles only adequate; nighttime U.S.-spec performance remains unverified.

Blind-spot & cross-traffic coverage86
#7 of 60 in classCompare all →

Blind-spot detection and rear cross-traffic alert are standard, while the broader system adds cyclist-aware door-opening protection and reversing vulnerable-road-user braking. That is more complete than a typical alert-only setup, though it is not trailer-aware.

Lane keeping & centering20
#58 of 60 in classCompare all →

Lane keeping and centering are standard, but real-world tuning is a serious weakness: reviewers report aggressive false interventions and steering-wheel jerks. NHTSA reproduced concerns on the same generation, and the subsequent all-VF-8 software recall to revise LKA calibration prevents credit for merely having the feature.

Adaptive cruise & highway assist58
#55 of 60 in classCompare all →

Full-range adaptive cruise with traffic-jam assist is standard and combines with lane centering for hands-on highway assistance. The breadth is good, but the lane-control behavior and warning overload substantially undermine the combined system's refinement and trustworthiness.

Hands-free driving availability5
#45 of 60 in classCompare all →

The 2025 VF 8 offers hands-on Level 2 assistance only; there is no mapped-road, hands-free highway system comparable to BlueCruise or Super Cruise.

Headlight performance65
#38 of 60 in classCompare all →

Automatic, self-leveling LED headlights and automatic high beams are standard on the Eco trim, giving the volume model useful hardware. With no IIHS photometric rating, beam reach and glare control cannot earn Good-rated credit.

Outward visibility78
#9 of 60 in classCompare all →

The upright driving position and generally useful forward sightlines are backed by a standard surround-view camera and parking sensors, providing strong low-speed compensation. The sloping liftgate and rear pillars keep it short of excellent natural visibility.

Child-seat (LATCH) usability78
#27 of 60 in classCompare all →

Standard child-seat anchors, decent second-row legroom and a conventional two-row SUV body make multiple seats workable. Euro NCAP confirmed every intended child restraint could be properly installed, though snug rear headroom and no IIHS LATCH ease rating hold it below the top band.

4Space & ComfortOne of the VF 8's weakest categories.0.46F
Seating capacity
5 passengers
25/100
#20 of 60 in classCompare all →

The Eco is a two-row, five-passenger SUV.

Front headroom
Approximately 39 in; manufacturer does not publish an SAE figure
40/100
#50 of 60 in classCompare all →

VinFast does not publish headroom dimensions; the estimate reflects the 65.6-in roof and reviewer reports of generous front headroom.

Front legroom
Approximately 41 in; manufacturer does not publish an SAE figure
22/100
#44 of 60 in classCompare all →

VinFast does not publish legroom dimensions; the estimate is based on the 116.1-in wheelbase and repeated reports of a roomy front cabin.

Rear headroom
Approximately 38 in; manufacturer does not publish an SAE figure
50/100
#50 of 60 in classCompare all →

No SAE rear-headroom figure is published; reviewers report ample space but note that the reclining backrest is needed to improve head clearance.

Rear legroom
Approximately 38 in; manufacturer does not publish an SAE figure
67/100
#39 of 60 in classCompare all →

No SAE rear-legroom figure is published, though 2025 reviews consistently describe the second row as generous.

Third-row usability0
#57 of 60 in classCompare all →

No third row is offered.

Cargo/trunk volume
13.3 cu ft behind the second row, plus a 2.8-cu-ft frunk
0/100
#50 of 60 in classCompare all →

The 376-L rear compartment is very small for an SUV; the separate 78-L frunk does not count toward this metric.

Max cargo volume
48.5 cu ft with the second row folded
0/100
#49 of 60 in classCompare all →

The 1,373-L maximum is below the normalization floor for SUVs.

In-cabin storage & clever solutions55
#46 of 60 in classCompare all →

A divided frunk and reclining/folding rear seat help, but small-item storage is sparse and the frunk requires an awkward interior release.

Seat comfort60
#52 of 60 in classCompare all →

Eco supplies heated power front seats and a roomy rear bench, but reviewers disagree on cushion comfort and some specifically call the seats uncomfortable.

Ride quality38
#58 of 60 in classCompare all →

The suspension remains stiff, bouncy, and poorly controlled over broken pavement despite prior tuning updates.

Cabin quietness50
#50 of 60 in classCompare all →

The EV drivetrain is quiet, but wind and tire noise intrude substantially at speed.

Climate & comfort features72
#30 of 60 in classCompare all →

Eco includes heated front seats, a heated wheel, dual-zone climate, rear foot ducts, cabin filtration and remote HVAC; ventilation and panoramic roof require Plus.

5Cost of OwnershipGrades below the middle of the scale.1.35D
Base MSRP
$47,200 (Eco, including $1,200 destination)
44/100
#37 of 60 in classCompare all →

The Eco was the entry 2025 VF 8 at launch. Later clearance pricing and incentives do not change the model-year sticker price used here.

Volume-Trim Price
$47,200 (Eco AWD, including destination)
51/100
#27 of 60 in classCompare all →

Edmunds identifies the Eco AWD as the most popular configuration, so the entry Eco is also the representative volume trim.

5-Year Maintenance & Repair Cost
About $3,380 over 5 years (projected)
94/100
#6 of 60 in classCompare all →

No established U.S. five-year model-specific estimate was available. The projection uses a published VF 8 scheduled-maintenance estimate of $676 per year; the long vehicle warranty should limit covered repair expense, but the model's short history makes the estimate uncertain.

5-Year Resale Value Retention
About 30% of MSRP retained after 5 years (projected)
0/100
#51 of 60 in classCompare all →

A thin used market, very heavy new-car incentives, poor market acceptance, and rapid EV depreciation point to exceptionally weak retention. VinFast's own subsidized lease implies only about 44% retention after 39 months, supporting a roughly 30% five-year projection.

Basic warranty
10 years / 125,000 miles
100/100
#1 of 60 in classCompare all →

VinFast's unusually long whole-vehicle coverage is far beyond the typical three-to-five-year SUV warranty.

Powertrain warranty
10 years / unlimited miles for the battery (non-commercial use)
100/100
#1 of 60 in classCompare all →

The ten-year, unlimited-mile battery warranty exceeds the common EV norm of eight years/100,000 miles.

Complimentary maintenance & perks65
#11 of 60 in classCompare all →

No multi-year complimentary scheduled-maintenance plan is advertised, but 24/7 roadside assistance throughout the exceptionally long vehicle-warranty period is a meaningful ownership perk. This fits the rubric's basic-roadside middle band rather than the top band reserved for included maintenance plus perks.

Effective 5-Year Ownership Cost
$36,420 (≈$33,040 depreciation + $3,380 maintenance)
36/100
#38 of 60 in classCompare all →

$47,200 volume-trim price minus its estimated resale value after 5 years (30% retained, or about $14,160) leaves about $33,040 in depreciation. Add the projected $3,380 in 5-year maintenance and repairs, and owning this vehicle for 5 years costs about $36,420 in total.

6Reliability & QualityThe VF 8's lowest-graded category.0.00F
Predicted reliability24
#60 of 60 in classCompare all →

Neither Consumer Reports nor J.D. Power has enough owner data to publish a meaningful reliability score for the 2025 VF 8. That uncertainty is accompanied by poor first-generation quality evidence and two NHTSA recalls, so this model belongs well below average rather than at a neutral midpoint.

Brand reliability track record20
#59 of 60 in classCompare all →

VinFast still lacks the multi-year U.S. sample needed for the major dependability rankings, while its first U.S. model established a poor early software and quality record. That is materially riskier than an established bottom-third brand with measurable history.

Recall & TSB history15
#59 of 60 in classCompare all →

Two safety campaigns affect the 2025 model, including a center-airbag injury risk and a systemic lane-keeping defect whose unintended steering inputs could be difficult to override. The latter followed a federal investigation and covers every 2023-2025 U.S. VF 8, severe activity for such a small fleet.

Powertrain durability reputation32
#58 of 60 in classCompare all →

The volume Eco trim's 87.7-kWh battery and dual-motor AWD system still have little high-mileage U.S. history, and the broader vehicle integration has generated serious software and drivability concerns. Conventional EV component architecture and an unusually long warranty prevent a floor score, but neither establishes durability.

Interior material quality32
#60 of 60 in classCompare all →

Vegan leather, ambient lighting, and a 15.6-inch screen create a presentable showroom impression, but tactile quality is conspicuously below even cheaper mainstream SUVs. Thin padding, unfinished-feeling plastics, and rough edges are especially disappointing for a premium-class vehicle.

Fit & finish25
#60 of 60 in classCompare all →

Assembly quality remains inconsistent rather than uniformly disastrous: one short 2025 drive found no obvious flaws, but Consumer Reports' inspected vehicle showed variable panel fits, rough plastic edges, and windows that rattled when raised. The detailed multi-tester findings warrant a strong penalty at this price.

Dealer & service network25
#59 of 60 in classCompare all →

VinFast expanded materially during 2025, but more than 30 authorized dealers across only 15 states remains a sparse and uneven U.S. service footprint. App booking, roadside assistance, and a long warranty help, but cannot substitute for convenient nationwide trained service.

Parts availability & repair cost20
#59 of 60 in classCompare all →

The imported, low-volume VF 8 has negligible aftermarket and independent high-voltage repair support, leaving model-specific parts, software, and collision work dependent on a small authorized network. The long warranty limits covered repair bills but does not eliminate parts delays, towing, or downtime.

7Technology & InfotainmentThe VF 8's best-graded category.2.83B-
Touchscreen size
15.6 in (standard)
100/100
#1 of 60 in classCompare all →

The same large center display is standard on Eco and Plus.

Infotainment UX & responsiveness35
#60 of 60 in classCompare all →

Nearly all functions live in a slow, text-heavy touchscreen with poor hierarchy and almost no physical controls.

Wireless CarPlay / Android Auto90
#26 of 60 in classCompare all →

Wireless Apple CarPlay and Android Auto are standard on Eco and Plus.

Voice control & native navigation70
#35 of 60 in classCompare all →

Alexa voice control and EV-aware native navigation are included, though the underlying interface is not class-leading.

Audio system quality60
#58 of 60 in classCompare all →

Eco has an adequate unbranded eight-speaker system; Plus upgrades to ten speakers and a woofer.

Digital instrument cluster15
#60 of 60 in classCompare all →

There is no conventional instrument cluster; vehicle data is placed on the center screen and standard HUD.

OTA update capability90
#4 of 60 in classCompare all →

Firmware-over-the-air updates cover vehicle software and have delivered functional improvements, not merely maps.

Companion app & remote functions75
#20 of 60 in classCompare all →

The app provides vehicle status/location, locks, windows, HVAC, geofencing, charge limits and scheduling, though no phone-as-key is documented.

Charging ports & device power68
#42 of 60 in classCompare all →

Wireless charging and five USB ports cover both rows, but four are older Type-A and there is no household outlet or V2L.

Keyless & remote access70
#46 of 60 in classCompare all →

Keyless entry/start and app remote controls are standard, but Eco has a manual liftgate and no phone-as-key.

Camera & parking aids85
#9 of 60 in classCompare all →

A 360-degree surround-view camera and front/rear parking sensors are standard even on Eco.

Head-up display availability95
#1 of 60 in classCompare all →

A configurable HUD is standard across the range and carries essential speed, charge and navigation data.

8Use-Case FitGrades below the middle of the scale.1.28D
Kid & car-seat practicality62
#47 of 60 in classCompare all →

The roomy reclining rear bench, ISOFIX/LATCH and child-presence detection help, but the 13.3-cu-ft rear cargo hold is stroller-limiting.

Family safety package40
#59 of 60 in classCompare all →

ADAS and 11 airbags are standard, but the NHTSA frontal score is only two stars and 2025 vehicles were recalled for unexpected LKA steering inputs.

Family road-trip comfort55
#49 of 60 in classCompare all →

A roomy cabin, heated seats, rear USBs and dual-zone climate help four occupants, but cargo, ride quality, noise and charging range impose real compromises.

Daily driving ease55
#55 of 60 in classCompare all →

Compact dimensions, surround cameras and strong EV response help, but jerky throttle, difficult regen menus, poor brakes and intrusive aids increase workload.

Commuting cost efficiency70
#12 of 60 in classCompare all →

Electric operation and minimal routine servicing lower commuting expense, but 73 MPGe combined is inefficient for an EV and the vehicle weighs about 5,400 lb.

Parking & maneuverability55
#45 of 60 in classCompare all →

The 187-in length is manageable and the standard surround camera helps, but a 40.6-ft turning circle and 76.1-in width are awkward in tight spaces.

Work capability38
#39 of 60 in classCompare all →

Dual-motor AWD, roughly 992-lb payload and overseas 3,968-lb braked-trailer rating suggest light-duty ability, but VinFast does not market a US tow package/rating.

Durability for work duty30
#59 of 60 in classCompare all →

The young platform lacks fleet proof and has had airbag and lane-assist recalls; its leatherette cabin is not designed for jobsite abuse.

Jobsite & upfit practicality25
#54 of 60 in classCompare all →

There is no bed, onboard AC power/V2L, washable interior, or established upfit ecosystem.

Long-distance comfort & range48
#56 of 60 in classCompare all →

The 256-mile EPA range, 31-minute 10-70% charge and highway assist are acceptable, but the bouncy/noisy ride and suspect lane assist undermine touring confidence.

Outdoor & adventure capability52
#50 of 60 in classCompare all →

Standard AWD, 6.9-in clearance, a frunk and available roof carrying support mild gravel-road and camping use, but there is no off-road hardware or V2L.

Gear & luggage flexibility55
#48 of 60 in classCompare all →

A 60/40 reclining/folding bench and divided frunk provide flexibility, but 13.3/48.5 cu ft rear cargo capacities are poor for the footprint.

9Driving ExperienceOne of the VF 8's weakest categories.1.24D
10Value & Market PositionGrades below the middle of the scale.1.30D
Standard equipment generosity85
#3 of 60 in classCompare all →

Eco includes dual-motor AWD, 349 hp, a 15.6-inch screen, head-up display, heated power front seats and steering wheel, wireless charging, 360-degree camera, adaptive cruise, blind-spot monitoring and lane assistance. That is unusually complete standard equipment near its original $47,200 sticker.

Feature value per dollar57
#53 of 60 in classCompare all →

The hardware and performance tally is strong, especially after incentives, but the original $47,200 Eco price bought only 256 miles of EPA range and a product reviewers considered well behind established rivals in refinement and software. The discounts make it tempting without making it a sound segment-leading value.

Trim & configuration breadth38
#58 of 60 in classCompare all →

The U.S. range is limited to Eco and Plus, both dual-motor AWD with the same 87.7-kWh battery. There is no rear-drive, long-range, lower-cost, or meaningfully option-rich configuration ladder.

Sales popularity & market acceptance18
#58 of 60 in classCompare all →

The VF 8 remained an extremely low-volume U.S. entrant despite steep lease support, and leftover 2025 inventory was still being promoted well into 2026. That indicates weak acceptance rather than a stable mid-pack position.

Brand desirability & image25
#59 of 60 in classCompare all →

VinFast has little U.S. awareness or loyalty, while launch-quality criticism, safety-system complaints and severe discounting weigh on confidence and resale. Its strong Vietnamese-market position has not translated into an aspirational American image.

Deals & incentive availability96
#1 of 60 in classCompare all →

Buyer support is exceptionally large and broadly advertised, including factory cash, lease cash and very long zero-percent financing. These are outstanding buyer benefits, although their scale also signals weak demand.

Model freshness45
#44 of 60 in classCompare all →

The 2025 is a carry-over member of the first generation that began for the U.S. in 2023, with no verified 2025 refresh in the production history. The second generation revealed in May 2026 makes the scored model year's technology and resale outlook less fresh.

Critical reception & awards18
#60 of 60 in classCompare all →

The VF 8 has been one of the most consistently criticized recent vehicles, with reviewers citing poor ride, build quality, software and malfunctioning driver aids. Later updates improved it somewhat, but the 2025 earned no major U.S. award or comparison-test win and remained near the bottom of recommendations.